consonants. Manner of articulation. stricture involved. production of sounds.

consonants:-

The sounds  during the production of which, there is an obstruction to the flow of the air as it passes through the trachea.

There are twenty-four consonants sounds in the English language and they are described on the base of either manner of articulation or place of articulation.

Manner of articulation:-

consonants are divided into the following categories on the basis of manner of articulation.

plosives:-

These sounds are produced with a stricture of complete closure and a sudden release of air inside the mouth.

examples, P,  B, D. G, K , T.

Affricates:-

These sounds are produced with a stricture of complete closure of mouth and then slow release of air.

Examples, the initial sounds in English words, chin and jam are affricates.

Ch, j, ge.

Nasals:-

Sounds that are produced with the complete closure or stricture of oral cavity are nasal sounds.

Examples, the final sounds in these words, sum, sun, sing are nasals.

Trills or rolled consonants:-

These are oral sounds when the active articulators strike passive articulators repeatedly are rolled sounds or trills.

Examples, the letter " r " in red and ran is rolled or trilled sound, when pronounced in Scottish accent.

Fricatives:-

The sounds produced when the active articulators are brought close to the passive articulators so that there is a very narrow gap between them.

Examples, the initial sounds in English words, five, vine, thin, then, sip, zip, sheet, hat etc are fricatives.

Laterals:-

The sounds which are produced with a stricture of complete closure of vocal tract and the air escapes alongside the tongue are laterals.

Examples, the word " L " is a lateral consonant sound.

Semi-vowels:-

These are also known as frictionless continuants or glides or approximants.

Soft palate is raised there by shutting of the nasal passage and active articulators are brought close to the passive articulators so that the gap between them is wide. The air will escape through this gap without any friction. sounds that are articulated with a stricture of open approximation are called fractionless continuants or semi-vowels.

Examples, initial sounds of yes and wet are semi-vowels.