The scientific study of language is called linguistics.
Language :-
Means of communication that human use for expressing their desires and ideas is called language.
It can be of any type, signals or speaking and writing.
Scientific study :-
The study through observations and experiments is called scientific study.
We study language through scientific methods which is observations , then hypothesis , then experiments , and then theory and law.
In linguistics we study the structure of language including study if Grammer, syntax, morphology, semantics and pragmatics. It include the analysis of language and its meaning in a context.
Branches of linguistics:-
Linguistics has been divided into two main branches.
#1:- Microlinguistics:-
It is the branch of linguistics that concerns with the study of language systems in abstract without regard to the meaning of expression.
In Microlinguistics we study the components and structure of a language.
The following are subcategories of microlinguistics.
Phonetics :-
Study of production of sounds without reference to meaning in any general language.
Its units are phones and allophones.
Phonology:-
Study of sounds pattern of a particular language. It studies meaningful sounds. Both phonetics and pho phonology deals with the study of sounds. In phonetics we can study individual sounds while in phonology we study meaningful words.
/r/ , /b/ , /t/
rat , bat , talk.
Morphology:-
It is the study of formation of words.
Its units are morphemes.
Syntax:-
It is the study of combination of words to form meaningful sentences.
Semantics:-
The study of literal meaning of a sentence.
In semantics we study what the words are supposed to express.
Pragmatics:-
It is the study of contextual meaning.
In pragmatics, we study the meaning behind the words or invisible meaning.
#2:-Macro linguistics:-
A field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral effects on language.
In macro linguistics , we study the language when it is intermixed with other disciplines.
The following are the important subtypes of macro linguistics.
Sociolinguistics:-
It is related to sociology, which is the study of society.
In sociolinguistics, we study the social and cultural effects on language.
It studies that how language function in a population and how language affects population an vice versa.
Psycholinguistics :-
It is related to psychology.
In psycholinguistics, we study relationship between language and mind.
Psycholinguist studies that how mind acquires and process language.
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